福建省国有林场营林投资经济效益评价研究

运用净现值法和内部收益率法,用福建省国有林场杉木生产过程中发生所有费用和木材生产过程中发生费用的资料,研究福建省国有林场营林投资经济效益。结果表明:国有林场林业投资有一定的经济效益,但经济效益还是比较低;以6%的资本利率,杉木投资的净现值为178.53元/hm2。林业税费政策调整以后,林业投资收益主要取决于造林抚育的支出水平。     

国际旅游岛视角下的海南农垦热带农业生态旅游开发研究

国际旅游岛建设是海南科学发展的战略选择。文章阐述海南国际旅游岛的理论变迁;基于海南国际旅游岛的建设背景,分析海南农垦发展热带农业生态旅游的现状;提出海南农垦热带农业生态旅游资源的开发模式。     

浅谈电缆桥架安装和桥架内电缆敷设

当今社会电缆的发展与经济的发展息息相关,它不但在促进经济发展的方面起着明显作用,同时也是现今世界高速发展的润滑剂和助推力。并且按照现在的发展趋势电缆行业在今后的社会中的作用将会有增无减,甚至其角色还会进一步扩大,渗透到我们周围的众多领域。因此,在以后的经济发展中我们应进一步加强对电缆的建设和完善,从而推动我国其他事业的发展。     

Spatial planning of offshore wind farms: A windfall to marine environmental protection?

Wind farms are often planned offshore where wind conditions are favourable and the visual impact is less important. Wind farms have both positive and negative effects on the marine environment. Negative effects include bird collisions, underwater sounds and electromagnetic fields, whilst positive effects constitute functioning as artificial reef and acting as no-take zones for fish, with possible spill-over effects.This paper presents a spatially explicit framework to analyze effects of wind farms on the marine environment and aims to evaluate how wind farms can contribute to protection of the marine environment through strategic and economically viable location choices.The functioning and the applicability of the model are demonstrated in a numerical example for the Dutch exclusive economic zone. We find that the careful spatial planning of wind farms is a key factor for profitability and environmental protection, and that, if carefully planned, the environment can benefit from offshore wind farms.     

论失地农民的权益流失与社会保障制度建设

在土地征用过程中大量耕地的非农化转移是不可逆转的。农民作为弱势群体其利益的保护是必须关注的问题。现行的征地制度起源于计划经济时代,剥夺农民利益、进行工业化积累是无奈的选择,其中农民的利益损害是巨大的。本文在分析土地征用过程中农民权益流失的现状的基础上,指出了失地农民权益流失的原因,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

Economic and environmental impact of the CAP mid-term review on arable crop farming in South-western France

The issue addressed in this paper is whether implementation of the CAP MTR, (involving decoupled payments reduced by “modulations” and subject to cross-compliance measures) can be effective in improving the environmental impact of arable farming. The focus is on two French cross-compliance measures (compulsory buffer strips along rivers and crop diversity). A farm-level bio-economic model incorporating yield uncertainty is built and adjusted to represent two typical arable farms in the Southwest of France. The model also combines agro-environmental indicators. The results indicate that a simple decoupling of direct payments, without cross-compliance measures, has no impact on allocations between different crops. If cross-compliance measures are imposed, a small reduction in the cultivated area of irrigated crops is observed. The penalty levied (1% of the total subsidy paid) when farmers do not comply with the “buffer strips” requirement is sufficient for both farm-types. Decoupling and modulation result in a fall in the total gross margin of around 3%, principally because of the 5% modulation rate, while the “buffer strips” requirement leads to a further decrease of around 1%. Moreover, this requirement improves the environmental indicators at the farm level.     

Scale Economies and Inefficiency of U.S. Dairy Farms

This study employs data drawn from the 2000 Agricultural Resource Management Survey, a U.S. Department of Agriculture-sponsored farmers' survey. The article estimates returns to scale relationships across dairy farms of different sizes and across different regions, incorporating variables hypothesized to influence farm performance. Results point to significant scale economies in U.S. dairy farms and underscore the importance of taking account of inefficiency when estimating scale economies. Contrary to previous research, the preferred cost function specification does not show a region of decreasing returns to scale. This finding helps explain why the average size of dairy farms has been increasing.     

国有林场改革存在的问题与发展对策研究

国有林场改革过程中面临着诸多深层次的矛盾,存在富余人员的再就业压力较大、经营机制存在滞后性、山区资源开发项目建设资金短缺、社会经济和债务负担沉重等问题和困难,要实现林业跨越式发展,国有林场改革必须全面优化林场内部管理制度、转变自身经营管理体制、完善投资机制、大力发展林产品市场,才能够激发干部职工的工作积极性,增强国有林场经济体制和产品市场的竞争力。